¿Cómo mejorar la pertenencia escolar? Apuntes a partir de un estudio de caso

Abstract

School dropout and failure in secondary education continue to be one of the main challenges facing the Spanish and European education systems, closely linked to the gradual processes of disengagement from school. In this context, strengthening students' sense of belonging is key to promoting their involvement and continuity in school. The purpose of this study is to analyse the influence of the sense of belonging on the processes of engagement and disengagement among students in the 2nd and 3rd years of compulsory secondary education at a semi-rural public secondary school located in the province of A Coruña (Spain). To this end, a mixed methodology was adopted that combined a quantitative approach, through the application of an exploratory questionnaire, and a qualitative approach, through a heterogeneous discussion group. The results show that a greater sense of belonging is associated with greater school commitment, enhanced by active methodologies, positive relationships and emotional support, while its absence favours disengagement. In conclusion, the need to implement collective strategies aimed at strengthening students' ties to their educational environment and consolidating their participation in school life is highlighted.