Un enfoque personalista ontológico de los dilemas surgidos en la pandemia COVID-19

Palabras clave: Personalismo ontológico, Pandemia COVID-19, Dignidad, Principios Éticos

Resumen

La pandemia COVID-19 ha dejado al descubierto, en forma dramática, la falta de inversión y gestión en el sistema de salud y las debilidades estructurales del sistema de protección social. El análisis de los dilemas que surgen como secuencia de la toma de decisiones para lidiar contra los efectos de la pandemia puede dejar de lado la protección y promoción del bienestar de la persona como centro de la organización de la sociedad, y centrarse solo en el bienestar colectivo e institucional. El personalismo ontológico como teoría bioética permite un análisis profundo de estos dilemas, ya que su base filosófica se centraliza en la defensa y promoción de la persona, y en la búsqueda del bien común. En este artículo se analizarán los fundamentos de esta corriente bioética y las respuestas que puede aportar a los dilemas morales expuestos en forma intempestiva por la pandemia COVID-19.

Descargas

La descarga de datos todavía no está disponible.

Citas

ACOG. (2003). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obtenido de Committee opinion 563 (Reaffirmed 2016): Ethical Issues in pandemic influenza planning concerning pregnant women: https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2013/05/ethical-issues-in-pandemic-influenza-planning-concerning-pregnant-women

Appleby, J. (2020). What is happening to non-covid deaths? BMJ (Clinical research ed.). doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1607

Bauch, C. T., Lloyd-Smith, J. O., Coffee, M. P., & Galvani, A. P. (2005). Dynamically modeling SARS and other newly emerging respiratory illnesses: past, present, and future.

Beauchamp, T., & Childress , J. (2013). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford University Press, 7.

Berlinger, N., Wynia, M., Powell, T., Hester, D. M., Milliken, A., Fabi, R., . . . Piper Jenks, N. (2020). Ethical Framework for Health Care Institutions Responding to Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Guidelines for Institutional Ethics Services Responding to COVID-19. Managing Uncertainty, Safeguarding Communities, Guiding Practice. Obtenido de https://www.thehastingscenter.org/ethicalframeworkcovid19/

Boeuf, P., Drummer, H. E., Richards, J. S., Scoullar, M. J., & Beeson, J. G. (2016). The global threat of Zika virus to pregnancy: epidemiology, clinical perspectives, mechanisms, and impact. BMC medicine, 14(1). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0660-0

Brown, M. J., Goodwin, J., Firth, P., & Eyal, N. (2020). Allocating Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. The New England journal of medicine. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2009666

Cascella, M., Rajnik, M., Cuomo, A., Dulebohn, S., & Di Napoli, R. (2020). Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19). StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.

Challen, K. (2009). Life or death decisions. Emerg Nurse.

China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. (2020). Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England journal of medicine, 1708–1720. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032

Dashraath, P., Wong, J., Lim, M., Lim, L. M., Li, S., Biswas, A., . . . Su, L. L. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 22(6), 521–531. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2020.03.021

DeGrazia, D. (1992). Moving Forward in Bioethical Theory: Theories, Cases, and Specified Principlism. Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. doi:10.1093/jmp/17.5.511

Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 16(6), 791–801. doi:https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000181633.80269.4c

Emanuel, E. J., Persad, G., Upshur, R., Thome, B., Parker, M., Glickman, A., . . . Phillips, J. P. (2020). Fair Allocation of Scarce Medical Resources in the Time of Covid-19. he New England journal of medicine, 382(21), 2049–2055. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsb2005114

Hajra, A., Bandyopadhyay, D., & Hajra, S. K. (2016). Zika Virus: A Global Threat to Humanity: A Comprehensive Review and Current Developments. North American journal of medical sciences, 8(3), 123-128.

Hajra, A., Bandyopadhyay, D., Heise, L. R., Bhadra, R., Ball, S., & Hajra, S. K. (2017). Zika and pregnancy: A comprehensive review. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 77(2). doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.12607

Heyd, D. (1992). Genethics Moral Issues in the Creation of People. The Regents of the University of California University of California Press Berkeley.

Homeland Security Council. (2005). Implementation Plan for the National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza. Obtenido de https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/pdf/pandemic-influenza-strategy-2005.pdf

Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., . . . Cao, .. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet, 497–506. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5

Istituto Superiore di Sanit. (2020). Report sulle caratteristiche dei pazienti deceduti positivi a COVID-19 in Italia. Obtenido de https://www.epicentro.iss.it/coronavirus/bollettino/Report-COVID-2019_20_marzo.pdf

Jones, D. S. (2020). History in a Crisis - Lessons for Covid-19. The New England journal of medicine, 382(18), 1681–1683. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2004361

Markel, H, H., Lipman, H. B., Navarro, J. A., Sloan, A., Michalsen, J. R., Stern, A. M., & Cetron, M. S. (2007). Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic. JAMA, 298(6), 644–654. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.298.6.644

Masroor, S. (2020). Collateral damage of COVID-19 pandemic: Delayed medical care. Journal of cardiac surgery. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/jocs.14638

Mooney, C. (1986). Criteria for Justice. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 45(2), 223-233.

Nathanson, N., & Kew, O. M. (2010). From emergence to eradication: the epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. American journal of epidemiology, 1213–1229. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq320

Ne’eman A. ‘I Will Not Apologize for My Needs’ Even in a crisis, doctors should not abandon the principle of nondiscrimination. (23 de Marzo de 2020). The New York Times. Obtenido de https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/23/opinion/coronavirus-ventilators-triage-disability.html

Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2020). Consideraciones relativas a la discapacidad durante el brote de COVID-19. Obtenido de https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/documents/disability/spanish-covid-19-disability-briefing.pdf?sfvrsn=30d726b1_2

Pagliusi, S., Dennehy, M., Kim, H., & DCVMN AGM Organizing Committee. (s.f.). Vaccines, inspiring innovation in health. Vaccine, 36(48), 7430–7437. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.035

Petrini, C., & Gainotti, S. (2008). A personalist approach to public-health ethics. Bulletin of the World Health.

Pringle, K. G., Kind, K. L., Sferruzzi-Perri, A. N., Thompson, J. G., & Roberts, C. T. (2010). Beyond oxygen: complex regulation and activity of hypoxia inducible factors in pregnancy. Human reproduction update, 16(4), 415-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmp046

Rasmussen, S. A., Jamieson, D. J., Macfarlane, K., Cragan, J. D., Williams, J., Henderson, Z., & Grou, P. I. (2009). Pandemic influenza and pregnant women: summary of a meeting of experts. American journal of public health. doi:https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2008.152900

Reich, W. T. (1995). Encyclopedia of Bioethics. Macmillan Publishing.

Schwartz, D. A., & Graham, A. L. (2020). Potential Maternal and Infant Outcomes from (Wuhan) Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Infecting Pregnant Women: Lessons from SARS, MERS, and Other Human Coronavirus Infections. Viruses, 12(2). doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020194

Sgreccia, E. (2007). Manual de Bioética: Fundamentos y ética biomédica. Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos.

World Health Organization . (2020). 2019 novel Coronavirus Global research and innovation forum: towards a research roadmap. Obtenido de https://www.who.int/blueprint/priority-diseases/key-action/Roadmap-version-FINAL-for-WEB.pdf?ua=1

World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Situation report 142. Obtenido de https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200610-covid-19-sitrep-142.pdf?sfvrsn=180898cd_2

Publicado
2020-07-31
Cómo citar
Moya, G. (2020). Un enfoque personalista ontológico de los dilemas surgidos en la pandemia COVID-19. Apuntes De Bioética, 3(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.35383/apuntes.v3i1.366