What do we talk about when we talk about Neurorights?
Reflections from a Biolegal approach
Abstract
The objective of this article is to analyze the nature of neurorights in order to evaluate the probable generation of a new category of human rights, which should be aligned with the bases proposed by biolaw due to its effectiveness with respect to new technologies. Likewise, for the preparation of this study, the methodology “Integrative Literature Review (ILR)” was applied because, through this method, the researcher is able to overcome processes typical of primary research; in addition, thanks to the tools of this methodology, a greater understanding of the object studied can be obtained. Finally, it was demonstrated that although the legal system – considering some modifications – could confront the contrary effects of neurotechnologies, given that certain international agents such as UNESCO are in the process of creating an ad hoc instrument to regulate the use and abuse of brain technologies, it is imperative to suggest that bases proposed by personalist bioethics and biolaw be taken into account.
Downloads
References
Altimus, C., Jones, B., Ekavi, N., Colón-Rodríguez, A., Glover, E., Izbicki, P., Johnson, A., Lourenco, M., Makinson, R., McQuail, J., Obeso, I., Padilla-Coreano, N. & Wells, M. (2020). The Next 50 Years of Neuroscience. The Journal of Neuroscience, 40(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0744-19.2019
Aparisi, A. (2007). Bioética, bioderecho y biojurídica (reflexiones desde la filosofía del derecho). Anuario de filosofía del derecho, (24), 63-84.
Araujo, J. (2019). La biojurídica o el bioderecho como mediador de los nuevos dilemas biomédicos. Revista de Estudios Interdisciplinarios en Ciencias Sociales, 21(3), 591-617. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos213.06
Astobiza A. M. & de Miguel, Í. (2024). From neurorights to neuroduties: the case of personal identity. Bioethics Open Research, 2(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.12688/bioethopenres.17501.1
Bhidayasiri, R. (2024). The grand challenge at the frontiers of neurotechnology and its emerging clinical applications. Frontiers in Neurology, 15, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1314477
Borbón, D. & Borbón, L. (2021a). A Critical Perspective on NeuroRights: Comments Regarding Ethics and Law. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.703121
Borbón, D. & Borbón, L. (2021b). NeuroRight to Equal Access to Mental Augmentation: Analysis from Posthumanism, Law and Bioethics. Revista Iberoamericana de Bioética, (16). https://doi.org/10.14422/rib.i16.y2021.006
Bublitz, C. (2024a). Neurotechnologies and human rights: restating and reaffirming the multi-layered protection of the person. The International Journal of Human Rights, 28(5), 782–807. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2024.2310830
Bublitz, C. (2024b). What an International Declaration on Neurotechnologies and Human Rights Could Look like: Ideas, Suggestions, Desiderata. The American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience, 15(2), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2023.2270512
Burgos, J. (2013). ¿Qué es la bioética personalista? Un análisis de su especificidad y de sus fundamentos teóricos. Cuadernos de Bioética, 24(80), 17-30.
Chari, A., Budhdeo, S., Sparks, R., Barone, D., Marcus, H., Pereira, E. & Tisdall, M. (2021). Brain–Machine Interfaces: The Role of the Neurosurgeon. World Neurosurgery, 146, 140-147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2020.11.028
Cometa, A., Falasconi, A., Biasizzo, M., Carpaneto, J., Horn, A., Mazzoni, A. & Micera, S. (2022). Clinical neuroscience and neurotechnology: An amazing symbiosis. iScience, 25(10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105124
Denison, T. & Morrel, M. (2022). Neuromodulation in 2035: The Neurology Future Forecasting Series. Neurology, 98(2), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000013061
Escobar, E. & Escobar, A. (2010). Principales corrientes filosóficas en bioética. Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México, 67(3), 196-203.
Fukushi, T. (2024). East Asian perspective of responsible research and innovation in neurotechnology. IBRO Neuroscience Reports, 16, 582-597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.04.009
Galert, T. (2015). Impact of Brain Interventions on Personal Identity. En J. Clausen y N. Levy. (Eds.). Handbook of Neuroethics (pp. 407-422). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4707-4
García, J. (2013). Bioética personalista y bioética principialista. Perspectivas. Cuadernos de Bioética, 24(80), 67-76.
Gaudry, K., Ayaz, H., Bedows, A., Celnik, P., Eagleman, D., Grover, P., Illes, J., Rao, R., Robinson, J. & Thyagarajan, K. (2021). Projections and the Potential Societal Impact of the Future of Neurotechnologies. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.658930
Gilbert, F. & Russo, I. (2024). Neurorights: The Land of Speculative Ethics and Alarming Claims? American Journal of Bioethics Neuroscience, 15(2), 113-115. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2024.2328244
Gracia, D. (2007). Fundamentos de Bioética. Editorial Triacastela.
Guillon, R. (1998). Bioethics, Overview. En R. Chadwick (Ed.). Encyclopedia of Applied Ethics (pp. 267-277). Academic Press.
Herrera, A. (2020). Biojurídica: una necesidad para las nuevas tecnologías aplicadas a la vida humana. Revista IUS, 15(48), 339-356. https://doi.org/10.35487/rius.v15i48.2021.694
Ienca, M. (2021). On Neurorights. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.701258
Insua, J. (2018). Principialismo, bioética personalista y principios de acción en medicina y en servicios de salud. Persona y Bioética, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.5294/pebi.2018.22.2.3
Kordzadeh, N. & Ghasemaghaei, M. (2022). Algorithmic bias: review, synthesis, and future research directions. European Journal of Information Systems, 31(3), 388–409. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2021.1927212
Lubbe, W., Ham-Baloyi, W. & Smit, K. (2020). The integrative literature review as a research method: A demonstration review of research on neurodevelopmental supportive care in preterm infants. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 26(6), 308-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnn.2020.04.006
Marcus, C. & Brown, L. (2024). Neurorights, Mental Privacy, and Mind Reading. Neuroethics, 17(34), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-024-09568-z
Müller, O. & Rotter, S. (2017). Neurotechnology: Current Developments and Ethical Issues. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2017.00093
Muñoz, J., Bernácer, J. & Güell, F. (2023). A Conceptual Framework to Safeguard the Neuroright to Personal Autonomy. Neuroethics, 16(18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-023-09523-4
OCDE. (2024). Recommendation of the Council on Responsible Innovation in Neurotechnology OECD/LEGAL/0457. Secretaria General de la OCDE. https://goo.su/pdaWw
Olson, J., Cyr, M., Artenie, D., Strandberg, T., Hall, L., Tompkins, M., Raz, A. & Johansson, P. (2023). Emulating future neurotechnology using magic. Consciousness and Cognition, 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2022.103450
Ota, K. (2023). Neurorights to Free Will: Remaining in Danger of Impossibility. The American journal of bioethics: Neuroscience, 377-379. https://doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2023.2257156
Rainey, S. (2024). An Anticipatory Approach to Ethico-Legal Implications of Future Neurotechnology. Science and Engineering Ethics, 30(18). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-024-00482-4
Reusser, C. (30 de julio de 2022). Qué son los “neuroderechos”, en simple. Derecho Informático.CL. https://goo.su/zgPFo
Roelfsema, P., Denys, D. & Klink, P. (2018). Mind Reading and Writing: The Future of Neurotechnology. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 22(7), 598-610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.04.001
Sanes, J. (2018). Use of Neurotechnologies and Neuroscience in Legal Settings: Case Studies. En L. Bain, N. Keren, S. Posey y C. Stroud. (Eds.). Neuroforensics: Exploring the Legal Implications of Emerging Neurotechnologies: Proceedings of a Workshop (pp. 9-24). The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25150
Shen, F. (2013). Neuroscience, mental privacy, and the law. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 36(2), 653-713.
Singh, N., Ashraf, G., Ram, V., Singh, V., Alghamdi, B., Mohammad, A. & Singh, M. (2022). Brain augmentation and neuroscience technologies: current applications, challenges, ethics and future prospects. Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.1000495
Skriabin, O., Sanakoiev, D., Sanakoieva, N., Berezenko, V. & Liubchenko, Y. (2021). Neurotechnologies in the advertising industry: Legal and ethical aspects. Business Perspectives, 17, 189-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.17(2).2021.17
Squire, L., Berg, D., Bloom, F., Du, S., Ghosh, A. & Spitzer, N. (Eds.). (2008). Fundamental neuroscience (3ra ed.). Academic Press.
Stieglitz, T. (2021). Why Neurotechnologies? About the Purposes, Opportunities and Limitations of Neurotechnologies in Clinical Applications. Neuroethics, 14, 5–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-019-09406-7
The Neurorights Foundation. (s.f.). Mision. https://goo.su/jQ73R7b
Wajnerman, A. (2021). Is Mental Privacy a Component of Personal Identity? Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.773441
Whittemore, R. & Knaf, K. (2005). The integrative review: updated methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546-553. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.2005.03621.x
Yuste, R., Genser, J. & Herrmann, S. (2021). It's Time for Neuro-Rights: New Human Rights for the Age of Neurotechnology. Horizons, (18), 154-164. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.25214.51529
Copyright (c) 2024 Angel Jeancarlo Coaquira Flores (Autor/a)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors retain copyright.
This work is under international license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.
The articles published by the scientific journal "Notes on Bioethics" of the Universidad Catolica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo Peru, can be shared through the international public license Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 4.0